The European Commission has expressed concern over allegations of possible misuse of spyware and mobile phone forensic tools in Serbia, stressing that the unlawful surveillance of journalists and activists is unacceptable.

Brussels stated that it will closely monitor developments related to the rule of law and fundamental rights in Serbia.

According to the report, the Commission was responding to findings by Human Rights Watch, which claims that Bulgarian authorities issued export licenses for surveillance equipment to Serbia and other countries where the spying on government critics has been documented. Between August 2023 and August 2024, the report says, mobile phone hacking tools and spyware were used against independent journalists and other citizens.

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A European Commission spokesperson noted that such surveillance can have a chilling effect and lead to self-censorship. The spokesperson also stressed that national authorities have an obligation to thoroughly investigate all such allegations and restore public trust.

Human Rights Watch also stated that the Bulgarian company Circles BG is linked to the Israeli firm NSO Group, known for its Pegasus spyware, which has been used for covert surveillance around the world, including in Serbia. The Commission also announced that it is analyzing the organization’s report, while a comprehensive review of EU regulations governing dual-use goods, including cyber-surveillance products, is scheduled for the end of the year.

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